An electron is a subatomic particle with a negative electrical charge that orbits the nucleus of an atom. Electrons are one of the fundamental particl

Mycoplasma, " which is a genus of bacteria that lack a cell wall around their cell membrane. They are the smallest bacterial cells yet discovered, typ

"Colorimetry" is a technique used to determine the concentration of a substance in a solution by measuring the absorbance or transmission of light thr

Fermentation is a metabolic process that converts carbohydrates, such as sugars and starches, into alcohol or organic acids using microorganisms such

The empirical formula of a compound is the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in the compound. It gives the relative number

Crops are plants that are cultivated and harvested for food, fiber, biofuel, medicine, and other uses. They are essential for sustaining human and ani

Penicillium fungi are a large genus of mold belonging to the kingdom Fungi . They are filamentous fungi, meaning they have thread-like structures call

Penicillin is a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi, originally discovered by Scottish biologist and pharmacologist Alexander Fleming

Algae are a diverse group of aquatic organisms that can range from microscopic single-celled forms to large seaweeds. They play crucial roles in ecosy