Protoplasm is a complex mixture of organic and inorganic substances. Some of the major components include:Water: Makes up the largest proportion of

Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are proteins produced by the immune system in response to the presence of foreign substances called an

The empirical formula of a compound represents the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element present in the compound. It gives the relative

Proteins are large, complex molecules that play vital roles in the structure, function, and regulation of almost all biological processes. They are ma

The nucleus is a fundamental part of a cell that contains most of the cell's genetic material, organized as DNA molecules along with a variety of pro

The solid state of matter is one of the four fundamental states of matter, alongside liquid, gas, and plasma. Solids have a definite shape and volume,

RNA, or Ribonucleic Acid, is a molecule essential for life as we know it. It plays crucial roles in the synthesis of proteins and carries genetic info

Chemical bonding refers to the attractive forces that hold atoms together in molecules and compounds. There are three main types of chemical bonds: co

Photolysis is a process where light breaks down molecules into smaller pieces. It is a type of chemical reaction where light acts as the catalyst.