Protoplasm is a complex mixture of organic and inorganic substances. Some of the major components include:Water: Makes up the largest proportion of

Penicillium fungi are a large genus of mold belonging to the kingdom Fungi . They are filamentous fungi, meaning they have thread-like structures call

Saprotrophic nutrition is a way of getting nutrients by decomposing dead organic matter. Organisms that use saprotrophic nutrition are called saprotro

Hydrocarbons are organic compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen atoms. They are fundamental to organic chemistry and play crucial roles in var

Autotrophs are organisms that can produce their own food using inorganic materials, such as carbon dioxide and water, along with energy from sunlight

The solid state of matter is one of the four fundamental states of matter, alongside liquid, gas, and plasma. Solids have a definite shape and volume,

Photometry is a branch of science that deals with the measurement of light, particularly its intensity, brightness, and color. It encompasses various

Fermentation is a metabolic process that converts carbohydrates, such as sugars and starches, into alcohol or organic acids using microorganisms such

Brownian Motion: Observing the erratic movement of microscopic particles in suspension, later named Brownian motion. This phenomenon became a foundati